Popliteal Cyst (Baker’s cyst):
It is a soft mass in the posterior part of the knee, especially seen in the extension of the popliteal region. It originates between the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the semimembranosus muscle. In adult patients, it often accompanies intra-articular pathologies (meniscus tears, arthrosis, synovial diseases, etc.). It can also occur secondary to rheumatological diseases. When it ruptures, it can cause severe pain and swelling in the calf. Usually, it does not require any additional intervention other than treatment of intra-articular pathology. If the symptoms are excessive and persistent, if there is excessive growth, it causes vascular nerve compression or limitation of movement, surgical excision is applied.
Prepatellar Bursitis:
It is the inflammation of the bursa in front of the knee. It is more common in people who work on the knees, such as maids and repairmen. Activity modification, NSAID treatment, steroid injection, and bursa excision can be used in treatment.
Synovitis:
Aseptic inflammation of synovial tissue. Secondary effusion (swelling) develops in the knee joint. Patella ballotman test is positive. It may occur secondary to trauma, meniscus injuries, joint mouse(loose body), inflammatory diseases (RA, SLE etc.). Treatment is directed towards the underlying pathology. Drainage of the joint, compressive bandage, ice application and NSAID treatment can be applied to knees with limited joint movement. In resistant cases, synovial biopsy and arthroscopic or open synovectomy may be required.
Synovial Plicas:
It is the name given to various folds, folds and bands of synovial membranes in the knee. They are embryological remnants formed during the development of the synovial cavity. They are classified according to their anatomical relationship with the patella (Suprapatellar plica, infrapatellar plica, medial patellar plica, lateral patellar plica). Effusion, tenderness over the femoral condyle and patellofemoral crepitation may present clinical signs. It can cause local chondropathy. Arthroscopic excision can be applied in symptomatic patients.
